What does the term "integrated pest management" (IPM) refer to?

The term "integrated pest management" (IPM) refers to a holistic approach that combines various strategies for managing pests in a sustainable manner. This includes the use of biological control methods, such as natural predators or parasites; cultural practices that modify the environment to reduce pest establishment and survival; and chemical methods, which are applied judiciously and as a last resort. By integrating these various techniques, IPM aims to minimize reliance on any single method, thereby reducing potential harm to humans, beneficial organisms, and the environment while effectively managing pest populations.

In contrast, relying solely on chemical pesticides does not encompass the broader, more sustainable practices that IPM promotes. A method that completely avoids chemical usage would not be feasible or effective in all scenarios, as some situations may necessitate targeted chemical applications. Focusing exclusively on mechanical traps also limits the range of options available and does not address other critical aspects of pest management. Thus, the comprehensive nature of the second option makes it the most accurate representation of what integrated pest management entails.